--- title: [CM] [SIT] [E1] [C9] Pre-Crisis - Risk Identification and Crisis Preparedness description: [CM] [SIT] [E1] [C9] Pre-Crisis - Risk Identification and Crisis Preparedness image: https://blog.bcm-institute.org/hubfs/CM%20SIT%20Graphic%20Folder/SIT%20CM%20E1%20Morepost/%5BCM%5D%20%5BSIT%5D%20%5BE1%5D%20%5BC9%5D%20Pre-Crisis%20-%20Risk%20Identification%20and%20Crisis%20Preparedness.jpg --- . [![BCMIWhiteLogo.png](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/hs-fs/hubfs/Blog%20Testing/BCMIWhiteLogo.png?width=556&name=BCMIWhiteLogo.png "BCMIWhiteLogo.png")](http://www.bcm-institute.org/) - [Home](https://www.bcm-institute.org/) - [About Us](https://www.bcm-institute.org/about-us-3/) - [A President’s Perspective](https://www.bcm-institute.org/about-us/a-presidents-perspective/) - [Our History](https://www.bcm-institute.org/about-us/our-history/) - [Our Advisory Council](https://www.bcm-institute.org/about-us/our-advisory-council/) - [Customers’ Testimonials](https://www.bcm-institute.org/about-us/customers-testimonials/) - [Credential Verification](https://www.bcm-institute.org/about-us/credential-verification/) - [Courses](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/blog/course-fees-for-blended-learning-courses-master-catalog) - [ISO 22301 Business Continuity Management System Audit](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/audit/business-continuity-management-audit-courses) - [ISO 22301 Business Continuity Management](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/bcm/business-continuity-management-courses) - [Crisis Communication](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/crisis-communication/crisis-communication-courses) - [Crisis Management](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/en/crisis-management/courses) - [IT Disaster Recovery](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/it-disaster-recovery/courses) - [Operational Resilience](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/operational-resilience/courses) - [Operational Resilience Audit](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/operational-resilience-audit/courses) - [Certification](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/certification/types-of-certifications-offered) - [ISO 22301 BCMS Audit Certification](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/certification/business-continuity-management-audit-certification) - [ISO22301 Business Continuity Management Certification](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/bcm/business-continuity-management-certification) - [Crisis Communication Certification](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/crisis-communication/crisis-communication-certification) - [Crisis Management Certification](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/en/crisis-management/crisis-management-certification) - [IT Disaster Recovery Planning Certification](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/it-disaster-recovery/it-disaster-recovery-certification) - [Operational Resilience Certification](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/operational-resilience/operational-resilience-certification) - [Operational Resilience Audit Certification](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/operational-resilience-audit) - [Seminars](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/meet-the-expert/mte-webinar-mainpage) - [Store](https://www.bcm-institute.org/store-2/) - [Contact Us](http://www.bcm-institute.org/about-us/contact-us/) - - ##### Ebook Series ![CM Ai Gen_with Cert Logo_v3-18](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/hs-fs/hubfs/BB%20CM%20%5BAi%20Gen%20Blog%20Photo%5D/BB%20CM%20v3%20Jun%202025/CM%20Ai%20Gen_with%20Cert%20Logo_v3-18.jpg?width=2000&height=1333&name=CM%20Ai%20Gen_with%20Cert%20Logo_v3-18.jpg "CM Ai Gen_with Cert Logo_v3-18") # \[CM\] \[SIT\] \[E1\] \[C9\] Pre-Crisis - Risk Identification and Crisis Preparedness [![x \[CM\] \[SIT\] Title Banner](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/ac11333b-2002-43b6-9cbf-a85a01f35ce1.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/ac11333b-2002-43b6-9cbf-a85a01f35ce1) In alignment with ISO 22361, the pre-crisis stage represents the most critical phase in building a resilient organisation. It focuses on **anticipation, assessment, prevention, and preparedness**, enabling institutions to proactively identify threats and establish the capabilities required to manage crises effectively. For the Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT), a university operating within a highly digital, interconnected, and student-centric environment, pre-crisis preparedness must integrate **academic continuity, campus safety, digital resilience, and stakeholder communication**. ### [![New call-to-action](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/981cfdd3-4d91-4cec-b657-2b6feaa7ef76.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/981cfdd3-4d91-4cec-b657-2b6feaa7ef76) [Moh Heng Goh](https://blog.bcm-institute.org/en/ebook-cm/author/moh-heng-goh) Apr 10, 2026 ###### Crisis Management Certified Planner-Specialist-Expert ###### [![\[CM\] \[SIT\] Legal Disclaimer Banner](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/7cd96343-be69-4196-84d6-73f1153f1d2f.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/7cd96343-be69-4196-84d6-73f1153f1d2f) ### Chapter 9 ### [![New call-to-action](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/981cfdd3-4d91-4cec-b657-2b6feaa7ef76.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/981cfdd3-4d91-4cec-b657-2b6feaa7ef76) ### Singapore Institute of Technology  [![\[CM\] \[SIT\] \[E1\] \[C9\] Pre-Crisis - Risk Identification and Crisis Preparedness](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/077341af-cdfe-4644-a420-092c1158a151.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/077341af-cdfe-4644-a420-092c1158a151)In alignment with ISO 22361, the pre-crisis stage represents the most critical phase in building a resilient organisation. It focuses on **anticipation, assessment, prevention, and preparedness**, enabling institutions to proactively identify threats and establish the capabilities required to manage crises effectively. For the Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT), a university operating within a highly digital, interconnected, and student-centric environment, pre-crisis preparedness must integrate **academic continuity, campus safety, digital resilience, and stakeholder communication**. #### **1. Identifying Potential Crises Affecting the Singapore Institute of Technology** ISO 22361 emphasises the need for organisations to **anticipate and identify potential crisis triggers through structured horizon scanning and environmental analysis**. ##### **Key Crisis Domains for SIT** SIT must consider a broad spectrum of crisis categories relevant to a modern applied university: **a. Operational and Academic Disruptions** - Campus access denial (e.g., Punggol Digital District disruptions) - Faculty shortages or industrial attachment disruptions - Examination or academic integrity breaches **b. Technological and Cyber Crises** - Learning Management System (LMS) failure - Cyberattacks on student or research data - Smart campus infrastructure breakdown **c. Health and Safety Incidents** - Pandemic resurgence or infectious disease outbreaks - Laboratory accidents in applied learning environments - Mental health crises among students **d. Reputational and Governance Crises** - Academic misconduct scandals - Data privacy breaches under PDPA - Public criticism or misinformation affecting SIT **e. External and Environmental Threats** - Supply chain disruption impacting industry projects - National-level crises affecting higher education operations ##### **SIT-Specific Requirement** SIT must establish a **Crisis Risk Register** that integrates: - Academic operations risks - Digital campus dependencies - Industry partnership exposures This aligns with ISO 22361’s requirement for **systematic identification of risks across internal and external contexts**.   #### **2. Crisis Risk Assessment and Categorisation** Following identification, ISO 22361 requires organisations to **assess risks based on likelihood and impact**, enabling prioritisation and informed decision-making. ##### **Risk Assessment Framework for SIT**   | Risk Category | Likelihood | Impact | Risk Level | Example | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Cybersecurity Breach | High | Very High | Critical | Student data compromise | | Campus Closure | Medium | High | High | Pandemic or infrastructure failure | | Academic Disruption | Medium | Medium | Moderate | LMS outage during exams | | Reputational Crisis | Low | High | High | Social media misinformation | | Laboratory Incident | Low | Very High | High | Engineering lab accident | ##### **Risk Categorisation Dimensions** SIT should categorise risks into: - **Strategic Risks** (affecting long-term institutional goals) - **Operational Risks** (affecting daily academic delivery) - **Reputational Risks** (affecting public trust) - **Compliance Risks** (regulatory breaches in the Singapore context) ##### **SIT-Specific Requirement** Develop a **Crisis Risk Matrix aligned with ISO 22361 and ISO 31000 principles**, ensuring: - Clear escalation thresholds - Defined ownership for each risk category - Integration with enterprise risk management (ERM)   #### **3. Scenario Planning and Contingency Planning** ISO 22361 highlights the importance of **scenario-based planning and preparedness activities**, including simulations and exercises to test organisational readiness. ##### **Scenario Planning Approach for SIT** **a. Development of Crisis Scenarios** SIT should develop **“severe but plausible” scenarios**, such as: - Cyberattack disrupting all digital learning platforms - Fire or safety incident affecting a key campus facility - Mass absenteeism due to a health outbreak - Failure of third-party service providers (e.g., cloud systems) **b. Contingency Planning Components** Each scenario must include: - Response strategies and decision triggers - Resource mobilisation plans - Communication protocols - Recovery priorities (aligned with academic continuity) **c. Integration with Business Continuity** - Alignment with ISO 22301 Business Continuity Plans - Continuity of teaching, research, and student services - Hybrid learning fallback mechanisms ##### **SIT-Specific Requirement** SIT should implement **scenario playbooks for each critical function**, including: - Academic continuity (online transition within defined RTO) - Student welfare support mechanisms - Crisis communication templates for stakeholders   #### **4. Early Warning Systems and Crisis Indicators** A core principle of ISO 22361 is **anticipation through early detection**, enabling organisations to act before a crisis escalates. ##### **Key Early Warning Mechanisms for SIT** **a. Digital and Cyber Monitoring** - Real-time cybersecurity alerts - System performance monitoring for LMS and IT infrastructure **b. Operational Indicators** - Attendance anomalies (students or staff) - Sudden disruptions in academic scheduling - Vendor or partner service degradation **c. Health and Safety Indicators** - Increased clinic visits or reported illnesses - Incident reports from laboratories or facilities **d. Reputational Monitoring** - Social media sentiment analysis - Media monitoring for emerging issues ##### **Crisis Indicators Framework** SIT should define: - **Leading Indicators** (early signs of disruption) - **Lagging Indicators** (post-incident metrics) - **Trigger Points** (thresholds for escalation to Crisis Management Team) ##### **SIT-Specific Requirement** Establish an **Integrated Crisis Monitoring Dashboard** that: - Consolidates data from IT, campus operations, and student services - Provides real-time alerts to the Crisis Management Team - Supports rapid, evidence-based decision-making   ### [![\[Summary\] \[CM\] \[E1\] \[C9\] Pre-Crisis - Risk Identification and Crisis Preparedness](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/d9982046-32d9-47ce-a0d4-990cca0e43f0.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/d9982046-32d9-47ce-a0d4-990cca0e43f0) The pre-crisis stage, as defined by ISO 22361, is fundamentally about **building foresight, structured awareness, and organisational readiness**. By systematically identifying potential crises, assessing risks, developing scenarios, and implementing early-warning systems, the Singapore Institute of Technology can transition from a reactive posture to a proactive, resilient,** crisis-ready institution**. In the context of SIT’s applied learning model and digital ecosystem, pre-crisis preparedness must be **deeply integrated across academic, technological, and operational domains**. This ensures that when a crisis emerges, SIT is able not only to respond effectively but also to safeguard its students, staff, reputation, and mission continuity.    [![x \[CM\] \[SIT\] Title Banner](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/ac11333b-2002-43b6-9cbf-a85a01f35ce1.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/ac11333b-2002-43b6-9cbf-a85a01f35ce1) | **eBook 1: Understanding Your Organisation** | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **C1** | **C2** | **C3** | **C4** | **C5** | **C5A** | ** C6** | |  [![\[CM\] \[SIT\] \[E1\] \[C1\] Overview of Case Study](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/c306682c-662e-43ff-9827-263b8a185f30.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/c306682c-662e-43ff-9827-263b8a185f30)  |  [![\[CM\] \[SIT\] \[E1\] \[C2\] Understanding Your Organisation](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/5bb8d4e5-a096-4e49-a4dc-b19050e134e7.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/5bb8d4e5-a096-4e49-a4dc-b19050e134e7)  | [![\[CM\] \[SIT\] \[E1\] \[C3\] Establishing CM Goals](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/b1be0165-3080-4042-8859-f932fd7ea2cd.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/b1be0165-3080-4042-8859-f932fd7ea2cd) |  [![\[CM\] \[SIT\] \[E1\] \[C4\] CM Vs BCM](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/c606b602-57b3-41ff-8f4e-1c26adbf45ee.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/c606b602-57b3-41ff-8f4e-1c26adbf45ee)  | [![\[CM\] \[SIT\] \[E1\] \[C5\] Identifying the Types of Crisis Scenarios](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/6d8c5080-64b3-4799-a43c-793a153fd9bf.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/6d8c5080-64b3-4799-a43c-793a153fd9bf) | [![\[CM\] \[SIT\] \[E1\] \[C5A\] Technological Crisis Scenarios](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/950c2f25-e066-4d7c-8d2b-025b42e2b0ae.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/950c2f25-e066-4d7c-8d2b-025b42e2b0ae) | [![\[CM\] \[SIT\] \[E1\] \[C6\] Assessing Risks and Threats](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/d2359b4e-e4ea-4da8-85af-cedfc06717f0.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/d2359b4e-e4ea-4da8-85af-cedfc06717f0) | | **C7** | **C8** | **C9** | **C10** | **C11** | **C12** | **C13** | | [![\[CM\] \[SIT\] \[E1\] \[C7\] Composing the CM Team](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/ffe3bd40-3117-4baa-926a-121807395d35.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/ffe3bd40-3117-4baa-926a-121807395d35) | [![\[CM\] \[SIT\] \[E1\] \[C8\] Implementing the CM Planning Methodology](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/77927905-bf78-49de-bea6-e2602a05d6f8.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/77927905-bf78-49de-bea6-e2602a05d6f8) | [![\[CM\] \[SIT\] \[E1\] \[C9\] Pre-Crisis - Risk Identification and Crisis Preparedness](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/077341af-cdfe-4644-a420-092c1158a151.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/077341af-cdfe-4644-a420-092c1158a151) | [![\[CM\] \[SIT\] \[E1\] \[C10\] During Crisis - Crisis Response and Decision-Making](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/e8036dfa-5a13-4cfa-97a9-6186e3673cf2.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/e8036dfa-5a13-4cfa-97a9-6186e3673cf2) | [![\[CM\] \[SIT\] \[E1\] \[C11\] Post Crisis - Crisis Recovery](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/3be8d3fc-39a0-432d-859c-4644cec92ad4.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/3be8d3fc-39a0-432d-859c-4644cec92ad4) | [![New call-to-action](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/d4ef6d11-8eb4-4dfe-9ff7-31d18848a04e.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/d4ef6d11-8eb4-4dfe-9ff7-31d18848a04e) | [![\[CM\] \[SIT\] \[E1\] \[C13\] \[Back Cover\] CM eBook 1](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/3845b345-5344-42d7-8a17-4691c64a807a.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/3845b345-5344-42d7-8a17-4691c64a807a) | |   | | | | | | |       #### More Information About Crisis Management Blended/ Hybrid Learning Courses To learn more about the course and schedule, click the buttons below for the  CM-300 Crisis Management Implementer \[CM-3\] and the CM-5000 Crisis Management Expert Implementer \[CM-5\]. | [![New call-to-action](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/5ffecd2d-8000-4805-b5e3-e9ead2e259cc.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/5ffecd2d-8000-4805-b5e3-e9ead2e259cc) | [![New call-to-action](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/c3546220-6c76-4a10-8c76-4040b94e09e5.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/c3546220-6c76-4a10-8c76-4040b94e09e5) | [![New call-to-action](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/03294547-1df3-435c-9243-971c3d9bb6ce.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/03294547-1df3-435c-9243-971c3d9bb6ce) | | --- | --- | --- | | [![New call-to-action](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/b29594fe-d44a-4ff8-8160-03f7ce454385.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/b29594fe-d44a-4ff8-8160-03f7ce454385) | [![New call-to-action](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/dd120e7f-9fe2-49ed-ad24-489b81c06739.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/dd120e7f-9fe2-49ed-ad24-489b81c06739) | [![\[BL-CM\] \[5\] Register](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/82024308-16f4-4491-98be-818a882c6286.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/82024308-16f4-4491-98be-818a882c6286) | | [![New call-to-action](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/3893111/c8aaf76b-4c0b-402a-ad12-c8aff24eb911.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/3893111/c8aaf76b-4c0b-402a-ad12-c8aff24eb911) | Please feel free to send us a note if you have any questions. 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Copyright 2026 ```json { "@context" : "https://schema.org", "@type" : "BlogPosting", "author" : { "@type" : "Person", "name" : "Moh Heng Goh", "url" : "https://blog.bcm-institute.org/en/ebook-cm/author/moh-heng-goh" }, "dateModified" : "2026-04-11T15:48:09.486Z", "datePublished" : "2026-04-10T08:09:21.000Z", "headline" : "[CM] [SIT] [E1] [C9] Pre-Crisis - Risk Identification and Crisis Preparedness", "mainEntityOfPage" : { "@id" : "https://blog.bcm-institute.org/en/ebook-cm/cm-sit-e1-c9-pre-crisis-risk-identification-and-crisis-preparedness", "@type" : "WebPage" }, "publisher" : { "@type" : "Organization", "logo" : { "@type" : "ImageObject", "url" : "https://blog.bcm-institute.org/hubfs/BCMI%20Logo.png" }, "name" : "BCMI Pte Ltd" } } ```