[OR] [MBSB] [E3] [CBS] [2] [MII] Map Interconnections and Interdependencies

CBS-2 Domestic Funds Transfer and Payment Services

Introduction

Mapping Interconnections and Interdependencies (MII) is a fundamental activity in implementing Operational Resilience.

It identifies how business processes, supporting resources, technology, information, people, facilities, third parties, and external infrastructure work together to deliver a Critical Business Service (CBS).

For MBSB, mapping is particularly important because Domestic Funds Transfer and Payment Services depend on a complex sequence of activities involving customer instructions, authentication, account validation, payment processing, internal or interbank transfers, settlement coordination, customer confirmation, and reconciliation.

A disruption affecting one process or shared resource may prevent several other processes from operating effectively.

For example, an authentication failure may prevent customers from initiating payments even when the core banking and payment processing platforms remain operational.

Similarly, an external payment network outage may prevent interbank transfers from completing despite successful internal processing.

This chapter develops a structured mapping of all 24 Sub-Critical Business Services (Sub-CBS) supporting CBS-2, documenting their operational connections and dependencies on critical resources.

The mapping is intended to support MBSB in:

Establishing end-to-end visibility of domestic payment delivery.
Identifying critical hand-offs between processes and organisational functions.
Recognising common dependencies, concentration risks, and potential single points of failure.
Assessing how disruptions propagate across processes and other Critical Business Services.
Supporting the establishment and validation of service-level Impact Tolerances.
Developing severe but plausible disruption scenarios.
Identifying vulnerabilities and prioritising resilience improvements.
Producing traceable evidence for management oversight and regulatory review.

The analysis is aligned conceptually with the December 2025 BNM Discussion Paper on Operational Resilience and BCM Institute's Mapping Interconnections and Interdependencies methodology.

Regulatory interpretation: BNM's December 2025 document is a Discussion Paper, not automatically a final binding policy document.

The proposed mapping is intended to support the regulatory direction expressed in that paper alongside applicable existing BNM requirements.

Do not present it as evidence of regulatory compliance until MBSB has validated the information and assessed it against the requirements in force.

Mapping Scope and Methodology

Scope of CBS-2

CBS-2 covers the end-to-end delivery of eligible domestic funds transfers and payment services through MBSB's supported banking channels.

The mapping encompasses seven process stages.

Stage	Process Coverage	Sub-CBS
1. Payment Initiation	Receipt, registration, and completeness validation of payment instructions	CBS-2.1–2.3
2. Authentication and Validation	Customer authorisation, account eligibility, fraud controls, and beneficiary validation	CBS-2.4–2.7
3. Funds and Payment Processing	Funds verification, payment classification, account posting, and routing	CBS-2.8–2.11
4. Payment Execution and Settlement	Internal transfers, interbank execution, clearing, settlement, and beneficiary credit	CBS-2.12–2.15
5. Confirmation and Reconciliation	Customer confirmation, financial reconciliation, and payment records	CBS-2.16–2.18
6. Monitoring and Exception Handling	Operational monitoring, payment exceptions, and disputes	CBS-2.19–2.21
7. Continuity and Recovery	Disruption assessment, alternative processing, and controlled restoration	CBS-2.22–2.24

The process flow is not entirely linear.

Payment monitoring runs throughout the transaction lifecycle; exceptions may occur at multiple stages, and recovery activities may activate whenever material disruption occurs.

Internal transfers and interbank transfers also follow different execution paths.

MBSB should retain these distinctions when validating the detailed mapping.

Distinguishing Interconnections from Interdependencies

An interconnection is an operational linkage through which a process, service, or component exchanges instructions, information, transactions, approvals, or outputs with another component.

An interdependency exists when a process or service relies on another process, resource, or organisation to operate, perform, continue, or recover.

For example, CBS-2.11 Payment Instruction Routing and Transmission is interconnected with CBS-2.13 Domestic Interbank Payment Execution because it passes payment instructions to the execution process.

CBS-2.13 depends on external payment infrastructure because interbank execution cannot complete through the normal route if the required infrastructure is unavailable.

The first relationship describes the operational hand-off. The second describes a reliance that may create a service vulnerability.

Other Critical Business Services

The mapping uses the previously established MBSB candidate CBS catalogue. The following service names remain consistent across both tables.

CBS Code	Critical Business Service
CBS-1	Customer Deposit and Account Access Services
CBS-2	Domestic Funds Transfer and Payment Services
CBS-3	Digital Banking Services
CBS-4	Cash Access and Cash Transaction Services
CBS-5	Financing Account Servicing and Repayment Services
CBS-6	Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services
CBS-7	High-Value and Interbank Payment Services
CBS-8	Customer Transaction Authentication and Authorisation Services
CBS-9	Customer Support and Assistance During Banking Disruptions

These are proposed service classifications, not a verified MBSB-approved CBS inventory.

Pay particular attention to CBS-3 and CBS-8, which may represent enabling channels or capabilities rather than separate customer-outcome services.

Assumptions and Mapping Conventions

The tables use functional names for technology, teams, and third parties where MBSB-specific information is not available.

References to payment schemes, including DuitNow and applicable interbank arrangements, are illustrative and subject to confirmation of actual service participation and processing routes.

Upstream refers to the component providing an input or prerequisite.

Downstream refers to the component receiving the resulting transaction, information, decision, or service outcome.

An upstream dependency can also be activated during exception handling or restoration; therefore, the mapping should be read as a network rather than a strictly sequential workflow.

The tables provide a proposed baseline for process-level mapping.

A regulator-ready submission would additionally require verified owners, system and provider identifiers, interface references, recovery requirements, contractual evidence, validation dates, and approval records.

Map Interconnections

This table documents the principal operational connections for each Sub-CBS.

It distinguishes the connected component, the nature of the connection, and the upstream and downstream flows through which the service is delivered.

Table P2: Map Interconnections for CBS-2

Name of Sub-CBS	Connected Component	Connection Type	Interconnection Description	Upstream Interconnections	Downstream Interconnections
CBS-2.1 Customer Payment Instruction Initiation	Customer channels, CBS-3 Digital Banking Services, CBS-6 Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services; customer service and branch operations	Customer-to-bank; channel-to-process	Customers submit domestic transfer or payment instructions through authorised channels. The channel provides the entry point and transfers the instruction into the payment workflow.	Customer payment request; digital or branch channel availability; account selection and beneficiary details	CBS-2.2 registration; CBS-2.4 authentication; CBS-2.19 monitoring of channel or initiation failures
CBS-2.2 Payment Instruction Capture and Registration	Payment intake workflow; transaction registration service; customer channel; payment operations	Process-to-process; data exchange	Converts received instructions into traceable payment records, with transaction references and processing status.	CBS-2.1; payment instruction payload; channel-generated references	CBS-2.3 completeness validation; CBS-2.18 transaction records; CBS-2.19 operational monitoring
CBS-2.3 Payment Instruction Completeness Validation	Payment validation function; beneficiary information; customer channels	Validation; exception feedback	Checks whether instructions contain the required fields for the selected payment route and directs incomplete instructions for correction or rejection.	CBS-2.2; payment scheme data requirements; beneficiary and transaction information	CBS-2.4 authentication and authorisation; CBS-2.7 destination validation; CBS-2.20 exception management
CBS-2.4 Customer Authentication and Payment Authorisation	CBS-8 Customer Transaction Authentication and Authorisation Services; identity management; corporate approval workflow	Cross-CBS; authorisation hand-off	Confirms customer identity, transaction authority, and applicable approval requirements before execution is permitted.	CBS-2.3; identity credentials; customer mandate and approval information	CBS-2.5 account eligibility; CBS-2.6 screening; CBS-2.20 rejected or unauthorised instructions
CBS-2.5 Account Eligibility and Payment Limit Validation	CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services; core banking; account control function	Cross-CBS; account validation	Checks account status, transaction eligibility, payment limits, and applicable restrictions before further processing.	CBS-2.4; account master data; transaction amount and limits	CBS-2.6 fraud screening; CBS-2.8 funds verification; CBS-2.20 rejected payments
CBS-2.6 Payment Fraud and Compliance Screening	Fraud operations; financial crime compliance; transaction monitoring and screening services	Risk-control; decision hand-off	Assesses payment instructions against relevant fraud and financial crime controls and determines whether to release, hold, reject, or escalate the payment.	CBS-2.4–2.5; customer risk information; payment details; screening rules	CBS-2.7 beneficiary validation; CBS-2.9 processing; CBS-2.20 exceptions; CBS-2.21 investigation
CBS-2.7 Beneficiary and Payment Destination Validation	Beneficiary records; applicable beneficiary verification services; external payment infrastructure	Internal/external data validation	Validates destination information and applicable beneficiary identifiers before the instruction proceeds to execution.	CBS-2.3; CBS-2.6; beneficiary details; supported scheme verification responses	CBS-2.8 funds verification; CBS-2.9 payment classification; CBS-2.20 invalid destination handling
CBS-2.8 Funds Availability and Account Balance Verification	CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services; core banking; account balance service	Cross-CBS; financial validation	Confirms the funds available for the transaction, accounting for relevant holds, restrictions, and approved facilities.	CBS-2.5; CBS-2.7; account balances and available-funds information	CBS-2.9 payment processing; CBS-2.10 account debit; CBS-2.20 insufficient-funds exceptions
CBS-2.9 Payment Transaction Classification and Processing	Payment processing function; payment rules; internal transfer and interbank processing routes	Processing; routing decision	Determines the appropriate processing path for accepted payments according to payment type, destination, and scheme requirements.	CBS-2.6–2.8; authorised instruction; payment scheme rules	CBS-2.10 account posting; CBS-2.11 routing; CBS-2.12 internal transfer execution; CBS-2.13 interbank execution
CBS-2.10 Customer Account Debit and Transaction Posting	CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services; core banking ledger; finance control	Ledger posting; financial record exchange	Posts authorised account debits and generates the financial records required to execute payments and reconcile accounts. Posting sequence must follow the applicable payment scheme and transaction design.	CBS-2.8–2.9; approved payment; available funds; ledger controls	CBS-2.11 routing where applicable; CBS-2.12 or CBS-2.13 execution; CBS-2.17 reconciliation; CBS-2.18 records
CBS-2.11 Payment Instruction Routing and Transmission	Payment gateway; integration interfaces; external payment network; CBS-7 High-Value and Interbank Payment Services, where infrastructure is shared	Internal/external transaction hand-off	Formats and transmits eligible payment instructions to the appropriate internal or external execution route, receiving acknowledgements and status responses.	CBS-2.9–2.10; routing rules; network connectivity; payment message requirements	CBS-2.12 internal execution; CBS-2.13 interbank execution; CBS-2.19 monitoring; CBS-2.20 transmission exceptions
CBS-2.12 Internal Funds Transfer Execution	Core banking transfer processing; beneficiary account ledger; CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services	Internal financial transfer	Completes eligible transfers between accounts held within MBSB, including corresponding account postings and transaction-state confirmation.	CBS-2.9–2.11 as applicable; originating account debit; beneficiary account information	CBS-2.15 payment completion; CBS-2.16 confirmation; CBS-2.17 reconciliation
CBS-2.13 Domestic Interbank Payment Execution	External domestic payment infrastructure; receiving financial institutions; payment gateway	External transaction execution	Submits and processes eligible interbank transfers through the applicable payment arrangement and receives processing acknowledgements or rejection information.	CBS-2.11; approved payment messages; payment network availability	CBS-2.14 settlement coordination; CBS-2.15 completion; CBS-2.20 rejection or return management
CBS-2.14 Interbank Clearing and Settlement Coordination	Payment system operator; settlement infrastructure; treasury and payment operations; CBS-7 High-Value and Interbank Payment Services	External settlement; operational coordination	Coordinates clearing and settlement obligations relevant to the payment route, including settlement status and applicable liquidity or funding arrangements.	CBS-2.13; payment network reports; settlement information; treasury funding information, where applicable	CBS-2.15 completion status; CBS-2.17 settlement reconciliation; CBS-2.19 monitoring; CBS-2.20 settlement exceptions
CBS-2.15 Beneficiary Credit and Payment Completion Management	Receiving bank; beneficiary account processing; core banking; CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services	Payment completion; interbank status exchange	Determines the verified completion state of outgoing transfers and manages relevant incoming payment credit processes where MBSB is the receiving institution.	CBS-2.12 internal execution; CBS-2.13–2.14 interbank outcomes; receiving-bank confirmations where available	CBS-2.16 customer confirmation; CBS-2.17 reconciliation; CBS-2.20 incomplete or failed payment handling
CBS-2.16 Payment Status Confirmation and Customer Notification	CBS-3 Digital Banking Services; customer communication channels; CBS-9 Customer Support and Assistance During Banking Disruptions	Customer information; cross-CBS	Communicates accurate transaction acknowledgements, pending statuses, completion outcomes, and failure notices using verified processing information.	CBS-2.12–2.15; transaction status records; CBS-2.20 exception outcomes	Customer; CBS-2.18 records; CBS-2.21 enquiries; CBS-9 support channels
CBS-2.17 Payment Reconciliation and Financial Control	Core banking ledger; payment network statements; settlement records; finance and payment control functions	Financial reconciliation; discrepancy escalation	Compares payment records, postings, and applicable settlement outcomes to identify unmatched, missing, duplicated, or incorrectly recorded transactions.	CBS-2.10; CBS-2.12–2.15; settlement reports; transaction records	CBS-2.18 audit records; CBS-2.20 exception resolution; CBS-2.22 escalation for material discrepancies
CBS-2.18 Payment Records and Transaction Audit Management	Transaction repository; document and records management; audit, compliance, and customer support	Information retention; evidence exchange	Preserves payment instructions, approvals, processing history, status records, and audit evidence for traceability and investigation.	CBS-2.2; CBS-2.4; CBS-2.10; CBS-2.16–2.17; CBS-2.20–2.21	CBS-2.21 investigation; audit and compliance review; CBS-2.24 restoration validation
CBS-2.19 Payment Service Monitoring and Operational Control	Payment operations monitoring; technology operations; network monitoring; incident management	Continuous monitoring; event escalation	Observes payment availability, processing throughput, queue backlogs, failures, latency, and transaction exceptions across the payment lifecycle.	Status and telemetry from CBS-2.1–2.18; infrastructure and payment network alerts	CBS-2.20 exception handling; CBS-2.22 disruption assessment; service performance reporting
CBS-2.20 Payment Exception, Rejection, and Return Management	Payment operations; fraud operations; receiving institutions; customer service	Exception resolution; corrective processing	Resolves failed, rejected, returned, or incomplete payments through investigation, approved correction, account adjustment, and communication.	CBS-2.3–2.17; CBS-2.19 alerts; external rejection and return messages	CBS-2.16 customer notification; CBS-2.17 reconciliation; CBS-2.21 disputes; CBS-2.22 material escalation
CBS-2.21 Payment Dispute and Transaction Investigation	CBS-9 Customer Support and Assistance During Banking Disruptions; fraud investigation; payment operations; receiving institutions	Customer dispute; investigative coordination	Investigates disputed transfers, duplicate payments, missing credits, and uncertain payment outcomes, coordinating internal and external evidence and resolution.	CBS-2.16–2.20; customer complaints; payment audit records; counterparty information	CBS-2.20 corrective processing; CBS-2.16 customer updates; compliance or regulatory escalation, where applicable
CBS-2.22 Payment Disruption Assessment and Service Escalation	Incident management; Operational Resilience team; BCM; technology and cyber teams; CBS Owners	Incident escalation; cross-functional decision-making	Assesses the scale, cause, and service consequences of disruption and determines the appropriate response, including activation of continuity or crisis arrangements.	CBS-2.19 monitoring; CBS-2.20–2.21 incidents; technology and provider alerts	CBS-2.23 continuity activation; CBS-2.24 recovery coordination; CBS-9 customer support; management and applicable regulatory notification processes
CBS-2.23 Payment Continuity and Alternative Processing	BCM; payment operations; technology recovery; alternative channels; CBS-3 Digital Banking Services; CBS-6 Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services, where shared arrangements apply	Continuity activation; alternative service delivery	Implements approved arrangements for maintaining essential domestic payment capability, including prioritisation, alternative processing, and controlled service degradation.	CBS-2.22 escalation; approved continuity plans; resource availability; provider contingency arrangements	Essential payment processing via CBS-2.9–2.15 as available; CBS-2.16 customer updates; CBS-2.24 restoration
CBS-2.24 Payment Service Recovery and Controlled Restoration	IT disaster recovery; payment operations; core banking; finance control; external payment infrastructure	Recovery; reconciliation; return-to-normal hand-off	Coordinates restoration of normal processing, verifies transaction states, manages backlogs, prevents duplicate execution, and confirms stable service delivery.	CBS-2.22–2.23; recovered systems; transaction journals; external network status; CBS-2.17 reconciliation	Restored CBS-2.1–2.21 operations; CBS-2.16 customer confirmation; post-incident review and remediation

Significant End-to-end Interconnection Pathways

The table demonstrates several critical pathways that MBSB should preserve in its operational mapping.

Customer payment pathway

Customer instruction → authentication and validation → funds verification → payment processing → internal or interbank execution → payment completion → customer confirmation.

Interbank payment pathway

Payment routing → external payment network → receiving financial institution → applicable clearing and settlement processes → confirmed payment outcome.

Financial integrity pathway

Payment instruction → account posting → payment execution → settlement information → reconciliation → transaction records.

Disruption management pathway

Monitoring and exception detection → impact assessment and escalation → continuity arrangements → controlled restoration → reconciliation and service validation.

These pathways are interconnected.

Do not treat them as independent service chains, because a failure in one may prevent completion of another.

Map Interdependencies

Table 2 identifies the resources and service relationships each Sub-CBS relies on, along with the consequences of disruption.

The mapping distinguishes the resources needed to operate each process from the process itself.

For example, a Payment Processing Platform is a technology dependency; CBS-2.9 Payment Transaction Classification and Processing is the business process that uses that platform.

Reading the table: People and technology entries identify the principal operational capabilities required, not confirmed MBSB staffing assignments or system names. Facilities and providers are indicative unless verified. The Interconnected CBS column records relevant cross-service dependencies or shared capabilities, not necessarily a one-way dependency in every case.

Table P2: Map Interdependencies for CBS-2

Name of Sub-CBS	People	Systems and Technology	Data and Information Flows	Facilities	Third Parties / External Entities	Interconnected CBS	Nature of Dependency	Disruption Impact
CBS-2.1 Customer Payment Instruction Initiation	Branch personnel, digital banking operations, payment service support	Mobile/internet banking; branch transaction interface; payment intake gateway	Customer identity; originating account; amount; beneficiary; payment instruction	Branches, digital operations workspace, and hosting facilities	Telecommunications and internet connectivity providers	CBS-3 Digital Banking Services; CBS-6 Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services	Depends on accessible customer channels and functioning instruction interfaces to initiate payments. Shared channel infrastructure may create common failure points.	Customers cannot initiate new payments; essential transactions are delayed and demand may shift to alternative channels.
CBS-2.2 Payment Instruction Capture and Registration	Payment operations; application support; transaction control personnel	Payment intake platform; transaction registration service; transaction database	Payment payload; transaction reference; submission timestamp; channel identifier	Processing operations workspace; hosting facilities	Technology hosting or managed application provider, where applicable	CBS-3 Digital Banking Services; CBS-6 Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services	Relies on reliable transfer of customer instructions into a persistent processing record. The registration service may be shared across channels.	Instructions may be lost, duplicated or left untraceable; downstream processing and reconciliation become unreliable.
CBS-2.3 Payment Instruction Completeness Validation	Payment processing personnel; channel operations; exception support	Payment validation engine; payment processing platform; reference-data service	Mandatory fields; beneficiary identifiers; account details; payment scheme rules	Operations workspace; application hosting facilities	Payment scheme operator for applicable specifications; technology support providers	CBS-3 Digital Banking Services; CBS-6 Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services	Requires accurate validation rules and complete instruction data before payment release. Incorrect common rules may affect several payment channels.	Valid payments may be rejected or incomplete instructions accepted, creating failures, rework and customer delays.
CBS-2.4 Customer Authentication and Payment Authorisation	Identity and access management team, fraud operations, and corporate banking support	Authentication platform; identity and access management; transaction authorisation service; corporate approval workflow	Credentials; authentication outcomes; mandates; approval records; transaction details	Security operations workspace; hosting facilities	Telecommunications providers; external authentication or messaging providers, where applicable	CBS-8 Customer Transaction Authentication and Authorisation Services; CBS-3 Digital Banking Services; CBS-6 Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services	Depends on functioning identity, authorisation and approval capabilities. A shared authentication platform may be a concentration point across several CBSs.	Customers cannot authorise transactions; approved payments are delayed, or security controls may require transactions to be suspended.
CBS-2.5 Account Eligibility and Payment Limit Validation	Account operations; payment operations; risk and compliance support	Core banking; account control module; transaction limit management	Account status; restrictions; customer entitlements; payment limits; account mandates	Banking operations workspace; core banking hosting facilities	Core banking technology support provider, where applicable	CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services; CBS-6 Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services	Relies on current account eligibility and limit information from core banking. Shared account-control services may affect multiple CBSs.	Eligible transactions may be blocked, or prohibited transactions may not be reliably prevented; payment processing may need to stop.
CBS-2.6 Payment Fraud and Compliance Screening	Fraud analysts, financial crime compliance, and payment risk personnel	Fraud monitoring; transaction screening; case management; risk rules engine	Transaction details, customer risk profiles, screening indicators, alert decisions, watchlist data	Fraud and compliance operations workspace; security hosting facilities	External screening data providers or managed screening services, where applicable; relevant authorities for legally required reporting	CBS-8 Customer Transaction Authentication and Authorisation Services; CBS-6 Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services	Requires available and reliable screening controls before releasing payments. Shared screening services may create concentration risk; any contingency must preserve mandatory controls.	Payments may be held or rejected, or unsafe transactions could proceed if controls fail. Service availability and compliance obligations may conflict.
CBS-2.7 Beneficiary and Payment Destination Validation	Payment operations, customer support, and exception analysts	Beneficiary validation service; payment gateway; account or proxy lookup interface	Beneficiary account details; proxy identifiers; destination validation responses	Payment operations workspace; hosting facilities	Relevant payment scheme or verification service provider; receiving financial institutions	CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services; CBS-3 Digital Banking Services	Relies on correct beneficiary data and, where applicable, external verification responses. A common lookup interface may affect multiple payment channels.	Payments may be rejected, misdirected or delayed; customers may face uncertainty or financial loss.
CBS-2.8 Funds Availability and Account Balance Verification	Payment operations; account servicing; core banking support	Core banking ledger; available-balance service; account hold management	Available balances; account holds; financing or approved facility limits where relevant; payment amount	Core banking hosting facilities; operations workspace	Core banking support or infrastructure providers, where applicable	CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services; CBS-5 Financing Account Servicing and Repayment Services where shared account data applies	Depends on timely, accurate balance and account-control information. A core banking outage may simultaneously impair payment and account-access services.	Payments cannot be safely authorised; insufficient-funds checks may fail, and transaction processing may be suspended.
CBS-2.9 Payment Transaction Classification and Processing	Payment processing team, payment product specialists, application support	Payment processing platform; transaction rules engine; scheme routing configuration	Payment type; priority; destination; applicable scheme; validated instruction	Payment operations workspace; payment application hosting facilities	Payment scheme operators for rules and specifications; application support providers	CBS-6 Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services; CBS-7 High-Value and Interbank Payment Services where shared processing applies	Relies on accurate processing rules and correct selection of internal or external payment routes. Shared processing engines may concentrate failures.	Payments may be misrouted, queued, rejected or processed incorrectly, potentially affecting several payment services.
CBS-2.10 Customer Account Debit and Transaction Posting	Core banking operations; payment operations; finance control; database support	Core banking ledger; posting engine; transaction journal; database services	Authorised debit; account balance changes; posting reference; transaction status	Core banking hosting facilities; banking operations workspace	Core banking infrastructure or technology support providers	CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services; CBS-5 Financing Account Servicing and Repayment Services where shared ledger capability applies	Depends on consistent and durable financial posting, with appropriate controls to prevent duplicate or incomplete transactions. Core ledger availability is a major shared dependency.	Payments may stop; balances may become unreliable; duplicate, missing or incomplete postings may require controlled investigation and reconciliation.
CBS-2.11 Payment Instruction Routing and Transmission	Payment operations; integration support; network operations	Payment gateway, API or message integration layer, secure network connectivity, message queues	Payment messages; routing instructions; transmission acknowledgements; error responses	Payment gateway hosting facilities; network operations centre	Telecommunications providers; payment network operators; managed connectivity providers	CBS-6 Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services; CBS-7 High-Value and Interbank Payment Services	Relies on available, secure connectivity and functioning integration interfaces. Shared network gateways may create common points of failure.	Instructions cannot reach the required execution platform or external network; queues and payment delays increase.
CBS-2.12 Internal Funds Transfer Execution	Core banking operations, payment processing, and finance control	Internal transfer engine; core banking ledger; account posting service	Originating debit; beneficiary credit; transfer reference; transaction completion state	Core banking hosting facilities; operations workspace	Core banking technology or hosting providers, where applicable	CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services; CBS-3 Digital Banking Services	Requires consistent debit-and-credit execution within the bank. The shared core ledger is a critical dependency for both originating and beneficiary accounts.	Internal transfers fail or remain incomplete; account balances and customer confidence may be affected.
CBS-2.13 Domestic Interbank Payment Execution	Payment operations; payment network specialists; integration support	Interbank payment gateway; payment message processing; secure connectivity; scheme interfaces	Outgoing payment instructions, acknowledgements, rejection codes, and transaction status	Payment operations workspace; gateway hosting facilities	Applicable Malaysian payment infrastructure operators, receiving financial institutions, and telecommunications providers	CBS-6 Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services; CBS-7 High-Value and Interbank Payment Services where infrastructure is shared	Depends on external payment infrastructure and receiving participants. A shared payment network failure may affect multiple banks and limit substitution options.	Interbank transfers may be delayed, rejected or unavailable; customer obligations may remain unsettled.
CBS-2.14 Interbank Clearing and Settlement Coordination	Payment settlement operations; treasury; finance control; payment network specialists	Settlement monitoring; payment network interface; treasury or liquidity management; reconciliation platform	Clearing positions; settlement obligations; funding information; settlement confirmations	Treasury and payment operations workspace; secure infrastructure facilities	Applicable clearing or payment system operator; settlement infrastructure; participating financial institutions	CBS-7 High-Value and Interbank Payment Services; CBS-6 Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services	Relies on scheme-specific settlement arrangements and, where applicable, available settlement funding. External settlement infrastructure can be a non-substitutable dependency during widespread disruption.	Settlement delays or uncertainty may affect payment completion, liquidity management and downstream reconciliation.
CBS-2.15 Beneficiary Credit and Payment Completion Management	Payment operations, receiving payment processing, and account servicing	Core banking; incoming payment interface; transaction status management; payment gateway	Beneficiary account details; incoming credit instructions; completion acknowledgements; payment status	Core banking hosting facilities; payment operations workspace	Receiving or sending financial institutions, payment network operators	CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services; CBS-3 Digital Banking Services	Requires verified payment outcomes and accurate beneficiary account crediting. Completion status may depend on external acknowledgements that are not always immediately available.	Beneficiaries may not receive funds on time; payment status may remain uncertain and customer enquiries may increase.
CBS-2.16 Payment Status Confirmation and Customer Notification	Customer service; payment operations; digital channel support	Notification platform; digital banking; transaction status interface; customer communication service	Acknowledgement, verified payment status, completion or failure reason, and customer contact information	Customer service workspace; channel hosting facilities	Telecommunications and messaging providers, where applicable	CBS-3 Digital Banking Services; CBS-9 Customer Support and Assistance During Banking Disruptions	Relies on accurate transaction status and functioning communication channels. A common messaging provider may affect notifications across multiple CBSs.	Customers cannot determine payment outcomes, potentially causing repeated attempts, complaints and additional operational workload.
CBS-2.17 Payment Reconciliation and Financial Control	Payment reconciliation team; finance control; settlement operations; accounting support	Reconciliation platform; general ledger interface; core banking records; settlement reporting	Account postings; transaction journals; network reports; settlement statements; exception records	Finance and payment operations workspace; hosting facilities	Payment network operators, settlement participants, and external reporting service providers, where applicable	CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services; CBS-7 High-Value and Interbank Payment Services	Requires complete, consistent internal and external financial records. Missing or delayed settlement information can prevent confirmation of transaction integrity.	Unmatched or duplicated payments may remain unresolved; financial reporting, restoration and customer resolution may be impaired.
CBS-2.18 Payment Records and Transaction Audit Management	Records management; payment operations; compliance; internal audit support	Transaction archive; audit logging; records management; secure storage	Instructions; approvals; posting history; processing timestamps; audit trails; investigation records	Secure information hosting facilities; authorised operations workspace	Data hosting, backup, or archival service providers, where applicable	CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services; CBS-9 Customer Support and Assistance During Banking Disruptions	Depends on complete and retrievable evidence across the payment lifecycle. Shared data storage or archival services may create a common dependency.	Investigations, customer dispute resolution, reconciliation and audit assurance become difficult or impossible.
CBS-2.19 Payment Service Monitoring and Operational Control	Payment operations monitoring; technology operations; network operations; incident management	Monitoring dashboards, application telemetry, payment queue monitoring, and alert management	Throughput; latency; failed transactions; queue depth; platform health; network status	Operations or monitoring centre; remote operations capability	Telecommunications providers; payment network status services; managed monitoring providers, where applicable	CBS-3 Digital Banking Services; CBS-6 Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services; CBS-7 High-Value and Interbank Payment Services	Depends on timely operational telemetry from internal systems and external networks. Monitoring gaps may conceal a service failure even while technical alerts appear normal.	Delayed detection and escalation may allow disruption to exceed Impact Tolerance before effective intervention.
CBS-2.20 Payment Exception, Rejection, and Return Management	Payment exception team, reconciliation, fraud operations, and customer service	Payment exception workflow; transaction management; core banking; case management	Rejection reasons; return messages; payment references; corrective instructions; account adjustment records	Payment operations workspace; customer service facilities	Receiving financial institutions, payment network operators	CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services; CBS-9 Customer Support and Assistance During Banking Disruptions	Relies on accurate transaction status, external rejection information and controlled adjustment authority. Shared case management may be a bottleneck during mass failures.	Unresolved failed payments and incorrect balances may accumulate; customer harm and operational backlog increase.
CBS-2.21 Payment Dispute and Transaction Investigation	Dispute investigators; payment operations; fraud investigation; customer support; compliance	Case management; transaction search; payment audit repository; customer communication platform	Customer complaint; transaction evidence; payment trace; counterparty responses; investigation outcome	Customer support and investigation workspace	Receiving financial institutions, payment network operators, and relevant authorities, where applicable	CBS-9 Customer Support and Assistance During Banking Disruptions; CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services	Depends on accessible transaction evidence, investigation capability and cooperation from external participants. Loss of audit data or specialist capacity delays resolution.	Customer disputes remain unresolved; financial loss, complaints and regulatory exposure may increase.
CBS-2.22 Payment Disruption Assessment and Service Escalation	CBS Owner; incident manager; Operational Resilience coordinator; BCM; technology and cyber response teams	Incident management; service monitoring; crisis communications; impact assessment tools	Service outage scope; affected transactions; customer numbers; backlog; estimated recovery; tolerance consumption	Incident command location; alternative or remote coordination facility	Payment network operators, critical technology and telecommunications providers, BNM or other authorities where notification is required	CBS-3 Digital Banking Services; CBS-6 Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services; CBS-7 High-Value and Interbank Payment Services; CBS-9 Customer Support and Assistance During Banking Disruptions	Relies on accurate cross-functional impact information and timely decision-making. Fragmented incident ownership or poor visibility may delay activation.	Service deterioration may continue without appropriate escalation, customer protection or regulatory notification.
CBS-2.23 Payment Continuity and Alternative Processing	CBS Owner; payment operations; BCM team; technology recovery; treasury and finance control; authorised decision-makers	Approved alternative processing arrangements; available backup channels; recovery infrastructure; transaction control and tracking tools	Prioritised payments; outstanding instructions; validated balances; approved workarounds; transaction status	Alternate operations site; available branches; remote working arrangements; recovery hosting facilities	Payment network operators; telecommunications providers; alternate technology or service providers, where contractually available	CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services; CBS-3 Digital Banking Services; CBS-6 Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services; CBS-9 Customer Support and Assistance During Banking Disruptions	Depends on feasible alternatives that do not reproduce the failed dependency, adequate staffing and preserved financial-crime, authorisation and accounting controls.	Essential payments may remain unavailable or be processed unsafely; the bank may exceed its service-level Impact Tolerance.
CBS-2.24 Payment Service Recovery and Controlled Restoration	Technology recovery; core banking operations; payment operations; reconciliation; cybersecurity; CBS Owner	Disaster recovery infrastructure; payment platform; core banking; backup and restore; transaction reconciliation tools	Recovery point; transaction journals; pending queues; debit/credit states; settlement records; validated completion status	Primary and recovery hosting facilities; operations and recovery coordination locations	Technology and hosting providers; telecommunications providers; payment network operators; participating financial institutions	CBS-1 Customer Deposit and Account Access Services; CBS-3 Digital Banking Services; CBS-6 Corporate Payment and Bulk Transaction Services; CBS-7 High-Value and Interbank Payment Services; CBS-9 Customer Support and Assistance During Banking Disruptions	Depends on coordinated restoration of systems, data integrity, external connectivity and financial controls. Recovery order must prevent duplicate, lost or incorrectly completed payments.	Premature restoration may cause transaction duplication, inaccurate balances, settlement discrepancies and further service interruption.

Key observations from the dependency mapping

Several resources appear repeatedly across the 24 processes, suggesting areas requiring particular attention during validation.

Core banking and ledger services support account eligibility, balance verification, debit posting, internal transfers, beneficiary credits, reconciliation, and restoration.

A common failure could disrupt multiple stages simultaneously.

Authentication and security controls support customer authorisation and safe payment execution.

Their unavailability may prevent transactions from proceeding even where payment-processing infrastructure remains functional.

Payment gateways and external payment infrastructure connect MBSB's internal processing with other financial institutions. They introduce dependencies that MBSB cannot fully control, and that may be difficult to substitute during industry-wide disruption.

Transaction data and reconciliation records connect payment execution to financial integrity. Their availability and accuracy are essential when determining whether interrupted transactions have already been processed.

Specialist personnel and operational decision-making support exception resolution, incident escalation, alternative processing, and controlled restoration. The absence of trained personnel can therefore undermine otherwise functional technology recovery arrangements.

These are candidate concentration points. Their actual criticality must be confirmed through MBSB's system architecture, transaction flows, operating procedures, supplier arrangements, and recovery evidence.

Critical Interconnections, Concentration Risks, and Potential Single Points of Failure

The two mapping tables should be used together to identify where a common dependency could disrupt several processes or Critical Business Services.

BNM's December 2025 Discussion Paper specifically highlights the importance of mapping internal and external dependencies, identifying concentration and interconnectedness, and understanding how failures can propagate across people, processes, technology, and service providers.

Consolidated concentration and vulnerability assessment

Critical Dependency	Affected Sub-CBS	Potential Concentration or Vulnerability	Recommended Resilience Assessment
Core banking and account ledger	CBS-2.5, 2.8, 2.10, 2.12, 2.15, 2.17, 2.24	Multiple payment processes depend on the same account and ledger capability.	Assess failover independence, ledger integrity, recovery sequencing, and transaction reconciliation.
Customer authentication platform	CBS-2.4, 2.5, 2.6	Shared identity and authorisation services may block several payment channels simultaneously.	Test authentication outages, approved alternatives, and safe transaction restrictions.
Payment processing and routing platform	CBS-2.9, 2.11, 2.13, 2.19	Common processing or integration failure may affect multiple payment types.	Assess capacity, queue recovery, routing resilience, and message integrity.
External domestic payment infrastructure	CBS-2.11, 2.13, 2.14, 2.15	Industry infrastructure failure may affect MBSB and other financial institutions concurrently.	Assess external outage procedures, provider coordination, and feasible alternative arrangements.
Telecommunications and connectivity	CBS-2.1, 2.4, 2.11, 2.13, 2.16	Shared telecommunications services may simultaneously affect initiation, authentication, transmission, and notification.	Verify network diversity, physical route separation, and failover capability.
Transaction records and reconciliation data	CBS-2.10, 2.15, 2.17, 2.18, 2.24	Missing or inconsistent records can prevent safe restoration.	Test data integrity, transaction replay controls, reconciliation, and recovery-point validation.
Payment operations specialists	CBS-2.14, 2.17, 2.20–2.24	Specialist staffing or knowledge concentration may delay resolution and recovery.	Assess cross-training, delegation, alternate staffing, and prolonged-disruption capability.
Common hosting and recovery infrastructure	Multiple Sub-CBS	Primary and backup services may share hidden infrastructure or provider dependencies.	Examine physical and logical separation, cyber recovery, failover testing, and provider concentration.

Cross-CBS dependency propagation

A failure affecting CBS-2 may propagate into other services, while failures in other services may also prevent CBS-2 from operating.

Potential cumulative customer harm, payment delays, backlogs, and recovery conflicts

This demonstrates why Impact Tolerance assessment should consider the combined effects of disruptions rather than evaluating each CBS in isolation.

Using the Mapping to Establish and Validate Impact Tolerances

The completed mapping should inform MBSB's assessment of the maximum disruption CBS-2 can withstand without causing unacceptable harm.

The December 2025 BNM Discussion Paper explains that existing recovery measures, including Maximum Tolerable Downtime and Recovery Time Objective, remain important but may be insufficient to capture the consequences experienced by customers and stakeholders.

For CBS-2, MBSB should consider:

Impact Dimension	Illustrative Measure	Mapping Application
Service unavailability	Duration of domestic payment service outage	Identify processes and dependencies preventing payment completion.
Customer reach	Number and proportion of affected customers	Identify affected channels, account types, and customer groups.
Transaction backlog	Number and value of unprocessed payments	Map queues and hand-offs between initiation, processing, execution, and settlement.
Payment timeliness	Number of delayed time-sensitive payments	Identify critical processing and external infrastructure dependencies.
Financial integrity	Number and value of unresolved, duplicate, or incorrectly posted transactions	Trace posting, completion, reconciliation, and restoration dependencies.
Service degradation	Percentage of normal payment capacity available	Assess alternative channels, reduced processing capacity, and common resource constraints.
Customer harm	Essential payments are missed, or customers are unable to access payment services	Link process disruption to actual customer outcomes.

The proposed mapping does not establish numerical Impact Tolerances. These must be developed using MBSB's actual customer, transaction, service performance, and risk information, and approved through the appropriate governance process.

Sub-CBS recovery requirements should then be aligned with the approved CBS-level Impact Tolerance. Individual process recovery targets are supporting controls, not substitutes for the overall tolerance.

Application to Severe but Plausible Scenario Testing

MBSB should use the mapping to construct scenarios that challenge several connected components simultaneously.

Scenario	Primary Dependency Failure	Potentially Affected Sub-CBS	Key Testing Objective
Core banking outage with delayed recovery	Shared ledger and account processing	CBS-2.5, 2.8, 2.10, 2.12, 2.15, 2.17, 2.24	Demonstrate whether essential payments can be maintained or safely restored without duplicate or incorrect postings.
Authentication outage during peak payment demand	Shared authentication and telecommunications	CBS-2.1, 2.4, 2.5, 2.16	Assess customer access, transaction authorisation, alternative arrangements, and cumulative customer harm.
Industry payment infrastructure outage	External interbank payment network	CBS-2.11, 2.13–2.17, 2.19–2.20	Evaluate payment queue management, external coordination, customer notification, and settlement uncertainty.
Cyberattack compromising payment data integrity	Payment database, transaction records, and application environment	CBS-2.9–2.10, 2.15, 2.17–2.18, 2.22–2.24	Validate isolation, trusted recovery, transaction-state reconstruction, and reconciliation.
Simultaneous network and recovery-site failure	Telecommunications, primary infrastructure, and recovery arrangements	CBS-2.1, 2.4, 2.11, 2.13, 2.22–2.24	Test common-cause failures and the independence of alternative processing capabilities.
Prolonged third-party disruption with specialist staff shortage	External service provider and key personnel	CBS-2.13–2.14, 2.19–2.24	Evaluate provider substitutability, cross-trained staffing, sustained operations, and recovery coordination.

Scenario test evidence should include the actual customer-facing outcome, transaction processing capacity, backlog, data integrity, recovery time, third-party performance, and whether CBS-2 remained within its approved tolerance.

Validation, Ownership, and Regulatory Evidence

For regulatory and management review, the two mapping tables should be supported by evidence demonstrating that the proposed relationships have been verified.

The following validation activities are recommended:

CBS Owner review: Confirm that all 24 Sub-CBS processes reflect the actual domestic payment lifecycle.
Business process validation: Confirm upstream and downstream hand-offs with payment operations, branches, digital banking, and customer support.
Technology architecture review: Match each functional technology dependency to actual applications, infrastructure, and interfaces.
Third-party validation: Identify actual providers, contracts, critical fourth parties, service-level commitments, and alternative arrangements.
Data-flow validation: Confirm the authoritative sources of payment status, account balances, posting records, and settlement information.
Cross-CBS review: Verify shared resources and dependencies with the owners of CBS-1, CBS-3, CBS-6, CBS-7, CBS-8, and CBS-9.
Resilience assessment: Evaluate concentration risks, single points of failure, and recovery capability against CBS-2's approved tolerance.
Formal approval: Record accountable owners, mapping version, validation evidence, material gaps, and approval decisions.

For a controlled regulatory submission, MBSB should supplement the tables with a mapping register containing:

Control Field	Required Information
Mapping reference	Unique process-to-component relationship identifier
Sub-CBS and CBS owner	Accountable business owner and relevant resource owner
Actual resource identification	Verified application, data repository, infrastructure, or provider reference
Dependency criticality	Materiality of the dependency on service delivery
Failure consequence	Expected customer, financial, operational, and regulatory impact
Recovery requirement	Approved recovery capability and its relationship to CBS-2's Impact Tolerance
Alternative arrangement	Available contingency, its limitations, and tested capability
Evidence	Architecture diagrams, contracts, recovery tests, transaction records, or other validation material
Validation and approval	Reviewer, approval authority, date, and next review trigger

BNM's Discussion Paper explicitly links dependency visibility with identifying vulnerabilities, managing external dependencies, and evaluating resilience under severe but plausible scenarios. Its discussion of existing BCM and RMiT requirements also reinforces the importance of documenting internal and external dependencies.

The completed tables should therefore be treated as a mapping baseline requiring evidence-based validation, rather than as a statement that MBSB has already demonstrated the resilience of all identified dependencies.

Maintaining the Mapping

Interconnections and interdependencies can change when MBSB introduces new payment products, modifies its technology architecture, changes providers, restructures operational processes, or adopts new service channels.

The CBS-2 mapping should be reviewed following material changes, such as:

introduction or retirement of a payment channel;
migration or replacement of a core banking or payment platform;
significant outsourcing or provider changes;
changes to external payment network arrangements;
changes in transaction volumes or customer profiles;
material operational incidents;
scenario tests revealing previously unidentified dependencies;
changes in regulatory requirements; and
significant changes to recovery architecture or alternative processing arrangements.

A periodic review should also be established, with frequency determined by the bank's governance framework and the criticality of the service.

The mapping of interconnections and interdependencies for CBS-2: Domestic Funds Transfer and Payment Services provides MBSB with a structured end-to-end view of the processes and resources supporting domestic payment delivery.

By examining all 24 Sub-CBS processes, the mapping identifies how payment instructions move through initiation, authentication, validation, processing, execution, settlement, confirmation, reconciliation, monitoring, exception management, and recovery.

It also demonstrates that the resilience of CBS-2 depends on more than the availability of the payment processing platform. The service relies on interconnected banking applications, customer channels, authentication controls, accurate account and transaction information, operational personnel, telecommunications, third-party providers, and external payment infrastructure.

The principal value of the mapping is its ability to reveal where a single failure or shared dependency could affect multiple processes and Critical Business Services simultaneously.

These findings support several important Operational Resilience outcomes:

More informed identification of critical vulnerabilities and concentration risks.
Stronger alignment between process recovery capabilities and CBS-level Impact Tolerances.
More realistic, severe, but plausible scenario design and testing.
Better prioritisation of technology, staffing, supplier, and recovery investments.
Clearer accountability for dependency management and remediation.
Improved evidence for Senior Management, Board, and regulatory review.

For MBSB, the mapping should be maintained as a living Operational Resilience document, updated when services, technology, providers, or the operating environment change.

The central implementation principle is that CBS-2 can only be considered resilient when MBSB understands not only the processes delivering domestic payments, but also the dependencies connecting those processes and the consequences when those dependencies fail.

The next stage should use the validated mapping to assess the materiality of dependencies, establish minimum service capabilities, evaluate Impact Tolerance exposure, and develop scenario tests that demonstrate whether MBSB can sustain Domestic Funds Transfer and Payment Services during severe operational disruption.

Methodological references

The mapping approach is informed by BNM's Operational Resilience Discussion Paper (19 December 2025) and BCM Institute's Mapping Interconnections and Interdependencies methodology. The resource classifications, dependency relationships, and implementation recommendations in this chapter are original illustrative applications to MBSB's proposed CBS-2 operating model.

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Operational Resilience in Action: The MBSB Approach

[OR] [MBSB] [E3] [CBS] [2] [MII] Map Interconnections and Interdependencies

Operational Resilience Certified Planner-Specialist-Expert

CBS-2 Domestic Funds Transfer and Payment Services

Introduction

Mapping Scope and Methodology

Scope of CBS-2

Distinguishing Interconnections from Interdependencies

Other Critical Business Services

Assumptions and Mapping Conventions

Map Interconnections

Significant End-to-end Interconnection Pathways

Map Interdependencies

Key observations from the dependency mapping

Critical Interconnections, Concentration Risks, and Potential Single Points of Failure

Consolidated concentration and vulnerability assessment

Cross-CBS dependency propagation

Using the Mapping to Establish and Validate Impact Tolerances

Application to Severe but Plausible Scenario Testing

Validation, Ownership, and Regulatory Evidence

Maintaining the Mapping

More Information About OR-5000 [OR-5] or OR-300 [OR-3]

Your Comments Here:

Operational Resilience in Action: The MBSB Approach

[OR] [MBSB] [E3] [CBS] [2] [MII] Map Interconnections and Interdependencies

Operational Resilience Certified Planner-Specialist-Expert

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Introduction

Mapping Scope and Methodology

Scope of CBS-2

Distinguishing Interconnections from Interdependencies

Other Critical Business Services

Assumptions and Mapping Conventions

Map Interconnections

Significant End-to-end Interconnection Pathways

hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(3893111, '04e0a667-edd8-4efb-8c71-0fd725f8c457', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); Map Interdependencies

Key observations from the dependency mapping

Critical Interconnections, Concentration Risks, and Potential Single Points of Failure

Consolidated concentration and vulnerability assessment

Cross-CBS dependency propagation

Using the Mapping to Establish and Validate Impact Tolerances

Application to Severe but Plausible Scenario Testing

Validation, Ownership, and Regulatory Evidence

Maintaining the Mapping

More Information About OR-5000 [OR-5] or OR-300 [OR-3]

Your Comments Here:

CBS-2 Domestic Funds Transfer and Payment Services

Map Interdependencies