BCM BandTree

[BCM] [BT] [E4] [BIA] [P3] Impact Over Time of Business Functions for CBF-1 to CBF-8

Written by Dr Goh Moh Heng | Sep 29, 2025 3:31:44 PM

[P3] Impact Over Time of Business Functions

Impact Over Time of Business Functions for CBF-1 to CBF-8

This section outlines the methodology for assessing the "impact over time"  of the eight Critical Business Functions (CBFs) within Bandtree.

Rather than evaluating disruptions as a static event, this approach recognises that the severity of impact often escalates the longer a function remains inoperative.

The Impact Over Time framework provides a structured view of how critical operations degrade over predefined time intervals, ranging from the initial 4 hours to 60 days.

Using a standardised impact rating scale from 1 (minimal impact) to 5 (catastrophic impact), each business function is assessed in terms of its consequences on operational continuity, financial performance, legal obligations, reputational standing, and health and safety.

This time-based impact assessment enables organizations to:

  • Prioritise recovery activities and allocate resources appropriately.
  • Determine accurate Recovery Time Objectives (RTO) and Maximum Tolerable Periods of Disruption (MTPD).
  • Identify vulnerable periods that could compound the effects of a disruption.

By integrating this analysis into the broader Business Continuity Management (BCM) process, organizations such as Bandtree Sdn Bhd can better ensure the resilience of operations and infrastructure across various functions and sub-functions.

 

CBF

Sub-CBF

Sub-CBF Code

Highest Impact Area

4 hr

8 hr

1 Day

2 Day

3 Day

5 Day

7 Day

10 Day

14 Day

21 Day

30 Day

60 Day

CBF-1

Property and Facility Maintenance Management

1.1

Safety & Operations

 

4

5

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

CBF-1

Asset Lifecycle and Condition Monitoring

1.2

Financial & Operational Risk

 

2

3

3

4

4

4

4

3

3

2

2

CBF-1

Space Planning and Allocation

1.3

Operational Efficiency

 

3

3

4

4

3

3

2

2

2

1

1

CBF-1

Vendor and Contractor Management

1.4

Procurement & Service Continuity

 

3

4

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

1

CBF-1

Health, Safety, Security & Environment (HSSE) Compliance

1.5

Legal & Safety

 

5

5

5

5

4

4

3

2

2

2

1

CBF-1

Energy and Utilities Management

1.6

Operational Continuity

 

5

5

5

4

4

3

2

2

1

1

1

CBF-1

Emergency and Incident Response for Facilities

1.7

Safety & Crisis Management

 

5

5

5

5

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

CBF-1

Capital Projects and Renovation Oversight

1.8

Strategic Development

 

2

3

4

4

4

3

3

3

2

2

1

CBF-1

Tenant and Stakeholder Relationship Management

1.9

Reputation & Service Quality

 

3

4

4

3

3

3

3

2

2

2

1

CBF-1

Regulatory and Compliance Reporting

1.1

Legal & Reputation

 

3

3

4

4

4

4

3

3

3

2

2

CBF-2

Facility Maintenance and Engineering Services

2.1

Health & Safety, Operations Continuity

3

3

4

4

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-2

Building Security and Surveillance

2.2

Physical Security

4

4

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-2

Utilities Management

2.3

Service Delivery, Safety

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-2

Emergency Response and Incident Management

2.4

Life Safety, Crisis Response

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-2

Vendor and Contractor Coordination

2.5

Service Continuity

2

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

5

5

5

5

CBF-2

Asset Condition Monitoring & Lifecycle Management

2.6

Long-term Asset Performance

1

1

2

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

4

5

CBF-2

Renovation and Upgrading Projects

2.7

Strategic Project Timelines

1

1

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

4

4

5

CBF-2

Space Management and Occupancy Planning

2.8

Workplace Continuity & Efficiency

2

2

2

3

3

4

4

4

4

5

5

5

CBF-2

Compliance and Regulatory Management

2.9

Legal/ Regulatory

2

2

3

3

3

3

4

4

4

4

5

5

CBF-2

Sustainability and Environmental Management

2.1

Environmental Compliance & ESG

1

1

1

2

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

CBF-3

Client Relationship Management

3.1

Reputational, Financial

3

4

4

5

5

5

4

4

4

3

3

2

CBF-3

Stakeholder Engagement & Government Liaison

3.2

Regulatory, Strategic

2

3

3

4

4

4

4

4

3

3

2

2

CBF-3

Service Provider & Contractor Management

3.3

Operational, Financial

2

3

4

4

4

5

4

4

3

3

3

2

CBF-3

Public and Community Engagement

3.4

Reputational, Social License

1

2

3

3

4

4

4

4

3

3

3

2

CBF-3

Internal Stakeholder Communication (Staff & Board)

3.5

Operational, Reputational

3

4

4

4

4

3

3

3

2

2

2

1

CBF-3

Client and Stakeholder Records Management

3.6

Compliance, Operational

2

3

3

4

4

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

CBF-4

Customer Billing & Invoicing

4.1

Revenue & Client Trust

3

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

4

4

3

 

CBF-4

Payment Collection & Reconciliation

4.2

Cash Flow & Liquidity

2

3

4

5

5

5

5

4

4

3

3

 

CBF-4

Accounts Payable (AP) Processing

4.3

Supplier Relations

1

2

3

4

4

5

5

5

4

3

3

 

CBF-4

Financial Reporting & Budgeting

4.4

Compliance & Governance

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

5

4

 

CBF-4

Vendor Onboarding & Contract Management

4.5

Service Continuity

1

1

2

2

3

4

4

4

4

3

3

 

CBF-4

Regulatory & Compliance Management

4.6

Legal & Reputational Risk

2

2

3

3

4

4

4

5

5

5

4

 

CBF-4

Insurance & Risk Financing Administration

4.7

Risk Transfer Capability

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

4

4

3

 

CBF-5

Regulatory & Legal Compliance

5.1

Legal & Regulatory

 

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

4

4

3

CBF-5

Internal Audit & Risk Oversight

5.2

Operational & Financial

 

3

4

4

5

5

5

5

4

4

3

2

CBF-5

Corporate Governance Monitoring

5.3

Reputational & Strategic

 

2

3

4

4

4

4

3

3

3

2

2

CBF-5

ESG Reporting

5.4

Reputational & Regulatory

 

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

3

2

2

1

CBF-5

Business Continuity Governance

5.5

Operational & Compliance

 

3

4

4

5

5

5

4

3

3

3

2

CBF-5

Strategic & Statutory Reporting

5.6

Regulatory & Strategic

 

3

4

5

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

CBF-6

ICT Infrastructure Management

6.1

Network & System Availability

 

5

5

4

3

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

CBF-6

Property Systems Application Support

6.2

Application Uptime & Access

 

5

4

3

3

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

CBF-6

Records Retention & Archiving

6.3

Data Integrity & Compliance

 

4

3

3

3

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

CBF-6

Data Backup & Recovery

6.4

Data Restoration Capability

 

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

2

1

1

CBF-6

Cybersecurity & Access Control

6.5

Security Breach Prevention

 

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

2

1

1

CBF-6

System Development & Enhancement

6.6

System Stability & Features

 

3

3

3

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

CBF-6

ICT Vendor Management

6.7

Service Continuity & SLA

 

3

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

CBF-6

User Training & Support

6.8

User Efficiency & Issue Resolution

 

3

3

3

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

CBF-6

Compliance & IT Governance

6.9

Regulatory & Policy Compliance

 

4

3

3

3

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

CBF-6

Physical Records Handling

6.1

Physical Security & Access

 

3

3

3

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

CBF-7

Staff Recruitment & Onboarding

7.1

Operational Disruption

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-7

Employee Records Management

7.2

Compliance, Legal

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-7

Payroll Processing & Disbursement

7.3

Financial, Employee Morale

3

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-7

Employee Benefits & Welfare Admin

7.4

Staff Welfare, Legal

2

2

3

3

4

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-7

Performance Mgmt & Appraisals

7.5

Staff Development

1

1

2

2

2

3

3

3

4

4

5

5

CBF-7

Training & Development

7.6

Regulatory, Staff Readiness

1

1

1

2

2

2

3

3

4

4

4

5

CBF-7

HR Policy Dev & Compliance

7.7

Governance, Legal

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-7

Industrial Relations & Employee Grievances

7.8

Legal, Reputation

2

3

4

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-8

Vendor Selection & Prequalification

8.1

Operational Disruption

2

2

3

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-8

Contract Management

8.2

Legal / Compliance

1

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-8

Purchase Requisition & Approval

8.3

Operational Delay

2

3

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-8

Supplier Relationship Management

8.4

Operational Risk

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-8

Inventory & Logistics Coordination

8.5

Service Delivery

3

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-8

Compliance & Procurement Governance

8.6

Regulatory Compliance

1

1

2

2

3

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-8

Risk Management in Supply Chain

8.7

Strategic / Operational Risk

1

2

3

3

4

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-8

Emergency Procurement

8.8

Operational Continuity

3

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

CBF-8

Procurement System & Data Management

8.9

Digital Operations / Data Access

3

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

Impact Over Time of Business Functions (Part 2)

 

CBF

Sub-CBF

Sub-CBF Code

Highest Impact Area

RTO

MTPD

Vulnerable Period

CBF-1

Property and Facility Maintenance Management

1.1

Safety & Operations

8 Hours

5 Days

During peak facility usage, rainy seasons

CBF-1

Asset Lifecycle and Condition Monitoring

1.2

Financial & Operational Risk

1 Day

14 Days

Quarterly asset audits, ageing asset cycle

CBF-1

Space Planning and Allocation

1.3

Operational Efficiency

2 Days

7 Days

During relocations or major reshuffling

CBF-1

Vendor and Contractor Management

1.4

Procurement & Service Continuity

1 Day

5 Days

Contract renewal and tender cycles

CBF-1

Health, Safety, Security & Environment (HSSE) Compliance

1.5

Legal & Safety

4 Hours

3 Days

High-risk activities, inspections, and audits

CBF-1

Energy and Utilities Management

1.6

Operational Continuity

4 Hours

3 Days

Peak usage times, critical system support

CBF-1

Emergency and Incident Response for Facilities

1.7

Safety & Crisis Management

4 Hours

2 Days

Natural disasters, fire, and major incidents

CBF-1

Capital Projects and Renovation Oversight

1.8

Strategic Development

2 Days

21 Days

Project deadlines, budgeting cycles

CBF-1

Tenant and Stakeholder Relationship Management

1.9

Reputation & Service Quality

1 Day

10 Days

Lease renewals, complaints, and significant issues

CBF-1

Regulatory and Compliance Reporting

1.10

Legal & Reputation

2 Days

14 Days

Quarterly and annual filing periods

CBF-2

Facility Maintenance and Engineering Services

2.1

Health & Safety, Operations Continuity

8 Hours

5 Days

Weekdays, Office Hours

CBF-2

Building Security and Surveillance

2.2

Physical Security

4 Hours

3 Days

24/7

CBF-2

Utilities Management

2.3

Service Delivery, Safety

2 Hours

1 Day

24/7

CBF-2

Emergency Response and Incident Management

2.4

Life Safety, Crisis Response

1 Hour

1 Day

24/7

CBF-2

Vendor and Contractor Coordination

2.5

Service Continuity

1 Day

14 Days

Business Hours

CBF-2

Asset Condition Monitoring & Lifecycle Management

2.6

Long-term Asset Performance

2 Days

30 Days

Monthly Maintenance

CBF-2

Renovation and Upgrading Projects

2.7

Strategic Project Timelines

3 Days

30 Days

Project Milestones

CBF-2

Space Management and Occupancy Planning

2.8

Workplace Continuity & Efficiency

1 Day

21 Days

Business Resumption

CBF-2

Compliance and Regulatory Management

2.9

Legal/ Regulatory

2 Days

30 Days

Audit or Inspection Period

CBF-2

Sustainability and Environmental Management

2.10

Environmental Compliance & ESG

5 Days

60 Days

Environmental Event

CBF-3

Client Relationship Management

3.1

Reputational, Financial

2 Days

14 Days

Pre-renewal & SLA periods

CBF-3

Stakeholder Engagement & Government Liaison

3.2

Regulatory, Strategic

2 Days

21 Days

Policy change cycles

CBF-3

Service Provider & Contractor Management

3.3

Operational, Financial

3 Days

14 Days

Contract lapses & incidents

CBF-3

Public and Community Engagement

3.4

Reputational, Social License

3 Days

21 Days

Public complaint periods

CBF-3

Internal Stakeholder Communication (Staff & Board)

3.5

Operational, Reputational

1 Day

10 Days

During crises & transitions

CBF-3

Client and Stakeholder Records Management

3.6

Compliance, Operational

3 Days

21 Days

Audit and reporting seasons

CBF-4

Customer Billing & Invoicing

4.1

Revenue & Client Trust

1 Day

14 Day

Start of billing cycle

CBF-4

Payment Collection & Reconciliation

4.2

Cash Flow & Liquidity

1 Day

14 Day

Month-end/quarter-end

CBF-4

Accounts Payable (AP) Processing

4.3

Supplier Relations

2 Day

21 Day

Invoice due dates

CBF-4

Financial Reporting & Budgeting

4.4

Compliance & Governance

5 Day

30 Day

Quarter/year-end

CBF-4

Vendor Onboarding & Contract Management

4.5

Service Continuity

5 Day

30 Day

Project kickoff period

CBF-4

Regulatory & Compliance Management

4.6

Legal & Reputational Risk

2 Day

30 Day

Submission deadlines

CBF-4

Insurance & Risk Financing Administration

4.7

Risk Transfer Capability

7 Day

60 Day

Incident post-recovery

CBF-5

Regulatory & Legal Compliance

5.1

Legal & Regulatory

1 Day

14 Days

Pre-audit, legal filings

CBF-5

Internal Audit & Risk Oversight

5.2

Operational & Financial

2 Days

21 Days

Quarterly review cycle

CBF-5

Corporate Governance Monitoring

5.3

Reputational & Strategic

3 Days

30 Days

AGM preparation, board review

CBF-5

ESG Reporting

5.4

Reputational & Regulatory

5 Days

30 Days

Sustainability disclosures

CBF-5

Business Continuity Governance

5.5

Operational & Compliance

2 Days

21 Days

Crisis season, BCP review

CBF-5

Strategic & Statutory Reporting

5.6

Regulatory & Strategic

2 Days

30 Days

Year-end audit cycles

CBF-6

ICT Infrastructure Management

6.1

Network & System Availability

8 hours

3 days

The initial 24 hours are critical

CBF-6

Property Systems Application Support

6.2

Application Uptime & Access

12 hours

5 days

24-48 hours critical

CBF-6

Records Retention & Archiving

6.3

Data Integrity & Compliance

24 hours

7 days

2 days critical

CBF-6

Data Backup & Recovery

6.4

Data Restoration Capability

6 hours

3 days

The first 12 hours are critical

CBF-6

Cybersecurity & Access Control

6.5

Security Breach Prevention

4 hours

2 days

Immediate critical

CBF-6

System Development & Enhancement

6.6

System Stability & Features

1 day

10 days

Less critical early

CBF-6

ICT Vendor Management

6.7

Service Continuity & SLA

2 days

14 days

Moderate critical

CBF-6

User Training & Support

6.8

User Efficiency & Issue Resolution

1 day

7 days

Moderate critical

CBF-6

Compliance & IT Governance

6.9

Regulatory & Policy Compliance

12 hours

7 days

Early 24-hour critical

CBF-6

Physical Records Handling

6.10

Physical Security & Access

1 day

10 days

Moderate critical

CBF-7

Staff Recruitment & Onboarding

7.1

Operational Disruption

5 Days

30 Days

Project ramp-up, turnover surge

CBF-7

Employee Records Management

7.2

Compliance, Legal

2 Days

14 Days

Payroll cycle, audit, dispute period

CBF-7

Payroll Processing & Disbursement

7.3

Financial, Employee Morale

1 Day

3 Days

End of pay cycle

CBF-7

Employee Benefits & Welfare Admin

7.4

Staff Welfare, Legal

3 Days

14 Days

Healthcare claims, injury events

CBF-7

Performance Mgmt & Appraisals

7.5

Staff Development

7 Days

30 Days

Appraisal and promotion cycle

CBF-7

Training & Development

7.6

Regulatory, Staff Readiness

14 Days

60 Days

Pre-compliance or safety rollout

CBF-7

HR Policy Dev & Compliance

7.7

Governance, Legal

5 Days

30 Days

Legislative change or audit window

CBF-7

Industrial Relations & Employee Grievances

7.8

Legal, Reputation

2 Days

7 Days

Union activity, legal deadlines

CBF-8

Vendor Selection & Prequalification

8.1

Operational Disruption

2 Days

5 Days

Start of major sourcing cycle

CBF-8

Contract Management

8.2

Legal / Compliance

2 Days

7 Days

Renewal/expiration periods

CBF-8

Purchase Requisition & Approval

8.3

Operational Delay

1 Day

5 Days

End-of-month ordering cycle

CBF-8

Supplier Relationship Management

8.4

Operational Risk

3 Days

10 Days

During active service windows

CBF-8

Inventory & Logistics Coordination

8.5

Service Delivery

1 Day

3 Days

Maintenance/project periods

CBF-8

Compliance & Procurement Governance

8.6

Regulatory Compliance

5 Days

14 Days

Audit or regulatory review

CBF-8

Risk Management in Supply Chain

8.7

Strategic / Operational Risk

3 Days

10 Days

Vendor disruption events

CBF-8

Emergency Procurement

8.8

Operational Continuity

4 Hr

1 Day

Crisis or urgent requirement

CBF-8

Procurement System & Data Management

8.9

Digital Operations / Data Access

1 Day

3 Days

System failure/ downtime
Legend – Impact Scores
  • 1 = Negligible Impact (Very Low)
  • 2 = Minor Impact (Low)
  • 3 = Moderate Impact (Medium)
  • 4 = Major Impact (High)
  • 5 = Critical/Catastrophic Impact (Very High)
Key Notes
  • RTO (Recovery Time Objective): Indicates the acceptable downtime before severe impact begins.
  • MTPD (Maximum Tolerable Period of Disruption): Maximum allowable time the sub-function can be disrupted before irrecoverable consequences occur.
  • Vulnerable Period: Timeframes in which disruption has amplified effects (e.g., audits, contract renewals, public reporting).

Summing Up ...

The Impact Over Time analysis provides a powerful lens for viewing the dynamic effects of business disruptions. 

By mapping out how the severity of impact escalates across specific timeframes, organisations can gain actionable insights to support continuity planning, resource allocation, and risk mitigation strategies.

This structured assessment helps define realistic recovery priorities and enhances communication across departments and stakeholders. 

When paired with clearly defined RTOs and MTPDs, it serves as a cornerstone for resilient and informed decision-making during crises.

Ultimately, understanding the time-sensitive nature of operational impacts empowers organisations like Bandtree to maintain service excellence, meet stakeholder expectations, and fulfill their mandates—even in the face of unforeseen disruptions.

 

 

More Information About Business Continuity Management Courses

To learn more about the course and schedule, click the buttons below for the  BCM-300 Business Continuity Management Implementer [BCM-3] and the BCM-5000 Business Continuity Management Expert Implementer [BCM-5].

 

Please feel free to send us a note if you have any questions.
 
 
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